Factors That Influence Lgbt Peoples Health Through The...

Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people face poorer health outcomes than heterosexuals. In our society, people still classify LGBT people as deviant, dysfunctional, abnormal and immoral (Sloan and Gustavsson, n.d). Most disturbing is the impact of such stereotyping on LGBT youth. Violence against these marginalize and vulnerable group has led to disparity in health outcome as well as the loss of lives. According to Pollock 2006 (p.29) â€Å"same-sex orientation is a significant risk factor for suicide, depression and alcohol abuse† In addressing this concern, a critical look at the social determinant of health can unravel the underlying cause of the health disparity within LGBT community as well as health disparity between LGBT†¦show more content†¦Education Health has been linked to education. Under achievement at school or incomplete education like school dropout can put people in disadvantaged position in the society. Educational attainment has been li nked to health through several interrelated pathways which include working conditions, income, work related resources sense of control, social standing, social support and , health knowledge, literacy and behavior (Braveman, 2010, p.386). The more education one attains, the more economic and social resources available to such individual. But what happens when access to such a life defining factor is threatened? Educational attainment can be threatened by several forms of violence like bullying, victimization, harassment and hate crime in the school environment. The concomitant effect is a poor health outcome. â€Å"Bullying is a form of violence characterized as an aggressive behavior that is unprovoked and intended to cause harm† (Hightow-Weidman, Philips, Jones, Outlaw, Fields Smith, 2011). A major underlying attitude that influences bullying directed at LGBT youth is homophobia (Hong Garbarino, 2012, p.272). Studies have shown that LGBT youth experience high levels of bullying related to their sexual orientation (actual or perceived) relative to their

Steven Spielberg s Classic Saving Private Ryan - 1878 Words

A film genre is a motion picture category based on similarities in either the narrative elements or the emotional response to the film. While films have at least one major genre, there are a number of films that are considered crossbreeds or hybrids with three or four coinciding genre or sub-genre types that they can be identified with them and most can be filed into categories that are easily recognizable to audiences (Goodykoontz Jacobs, 1998, p. 4.1). However, ever so seldom a film comes along that breaks free of its invisible bounds of genre and it leaves the audiences confused about the actual existence of genre. One such film is a film that most are familiar with Steven Spielberg’s classic Saving Private Ryan. Saving Private Ryan will always be remembered among the best war movies ever made. It does what every prodigious war movie should, it takes a realistic look at war and shows us the horrific side of war intelligently. The plot is marvelously original; eight men are sent behind enemy lines to rescue one soldier, Private Ryan (Matt Damon). Ryan is the only remaining son in his family; his three brothers have all died in action recently. Gen. George Marshall is so touched by Mrs. Ryan’s dilemma, who unfortunately learns of the deaths of her three sons on the same day, and orders that her only remaining heir, Ryan, be returned home immediately. The holdup to the plan is that Ryan parachuted into Normandy on D-Day, and the Army has no idea where Ryan is or if he isShow MoreRelated Saving Private Ryan - The Art of War Essay1072 Words   |  5 PagesSaving Private Ryan - The Art of War Released in 1999, Saving Private Ryan shocked the United States. Devastatingly realistic, and never pulling a punch, Steven Spielbergs World War II film has gone down in history, winning multiple awards, and receiving praise from all around the world. 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Child Abuse and Academic Perfomance of Children free essay sample

Abuse and/or neglect can have a damaging effect a child’s ability to develop adaptively in a broad range of areas – academic performance, family relationships, social interactions and psychological functioning. Abused and/or neglected children are vulnerable to developing mental health problems such as social skills deficits, posttraumatic stress disorder and other anxiety disorders, depression, or behavior problems. Understanding the nature and extent of abuse and neglect and their consequences for children is critical to the design of prevention and treatment programs. In this issue of the NYU Child Study Center Letter, we discuss definitions and manifestations of the various types of child maltreatment, incidence, psychological effects, which children are vulnerable to being abused, available services, and mental health treatments that have been found to be effective for those who have been maltreated. AG/HSK Introduction Amber, a 6-year-old underweight, unkempt girl, was brought to a pediatric emergency room with a shoulder fracture and numerous old scars. When questioned, she told a vague story of a fall occurring several days earlier, but she acknowledged that her dad often hit her with an electrical cord and had pushed her down a staircase. Jenny, aged 7, was described by her teacher as a withdrawn, quiet child who seemed somewhat distant from her peers. Although she had been an excellent student in the first grade, her second grade performance was below average. On several occasions, the teacher had observed her masturbating while she was working at her desk. Jenny complained that she was tired, had trouble falling asleep at night and was often awakened by nightmares. When the psychologist spoke with Jenny, she learned that her mother had recently remarried and worked on the weekend, at which time Jenny was cared for by her step-father. Further exploration revealed that Jenny’s stepfather would often have a funny smell on his breath and then he would engage Jenny in mutual genital stimulation. Sean, 15 years old, is constantly berated by his parents. Neighbors report that Sean’s parents tell him they’re sorry he was ever born and call him stupid and ugly. They threaten to send him to a reform school because they don’t like his friends. Sean attends school only when forced to and does not respond to overtures by his teacher, stating that he’s afraid she’ll tell his parents that he’s â€Å"bad. † Situations like these are happening every day in the United States and around the world. The psychological, educational, and economic costs of child abuse and neglect are tremendous. In spite of the fact that 90% of Americans think child abuse is a serious problem, only 1 in 3 report abuse when confronted with an actual situation. These children and the system that serves them are in need of attention. What are child abuse and neglect? How often do they occur? Definitions of child abuse and neglect vary across systems (e. g. , legal, medical, mental health, economic, child welfare, cultural). Even within one system, such as the legal system, definitions vary across states. New York State law specifies that Child maltreatment involves any act of commission or omission which endangers or impairs a child’s physical or emotional health and development (ChildhelpUSA. org). Types of maltreatment include physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional/psychological abuse, and neglect. Clearly, these forms of maltreatment are not mutually exclusive; for example, about 50% of physically abused children also experience neglect. The following is a summary of information from a chapter on child abuse and neglect. 1 education †¢ clinical care †¢ professional training †¢ scientific research †¢ school outreach †¢ information update SCHOOL OF MEDICINE NEW YORK UNIVERSITY Kenneth G. Langone Chairman, Foundation Board of Trustees Robert M. Glickman, M. D. Dean NYU School of Medicine Child physical abuse (CPA) has been defined as injury to a child or adolescent by a parent or other caregiver after intentional physical contact. It is defined not by the acts, but the results of the acts (e. g. , bruises, burns, broken bones). The physical injury may result from many different acts, including hitting, kicking, slapping, shaking, burning, choking, throwing, whipping, and/ or paddling. National surveys have been conducted to determine the incidence of CPA and other forms of abuse and neglect. Based on these studies, cases of physical abuse were reported for 9 per 1,000 children per year. However, when children (instead of child protective services workers) are surveyed about their experiences, the rates are much higher. In fact, a national anonymous survey of adolescents found that abusive physical punishment occurred with 13% of the teens in a given year. Child sexual abuse (CSA) involves any form of sexual activity with a child or adolescent in which consent is not or cannot be provided (e. g. , if there is a significant disparity in age, development, or size). The sexual activity often includes physical contact (e. g. , penetration, touching) and may also reflect non-contact sexual acts (e. g. , exposure to pornography). Examples of sexual abuse include: fondling, penetration, pornography, exhibitionism, child prostitution, and forced observation of sexual acts. Incidence of CSA also depends on the group surveyed. In the aforementioned national surveys the national rep orting rate by professionals was 4. 4 per 1,000 children. However, national surveys of the children themselves ndicate that the rates may be about ten-times higher than the reports made by professionals working with children. Retrospective reports from adults reveal even higher rates. Telephone and mail surveys of a national group of adults indicated that about 30% of women and 15% of men reported that they had experienced sexual assault before they were 18 years old. Editorial Board Harold S. Koplewicz, M. D. , Founding Editor Arnold and Debbie Simon Professor of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Director of the Child Study Center New York University School of Medicine Anita Gurian, Ph. D. , Editor Executive Editor, www. AboutOurKids. org Clinical Assistant Professor New York University School of Medicine Howard Abikoff, Ph. D. Pevaroff-Cohn Professor of Psychiatry Director of Research Child Study Center New York University School of Medicine Robert Cancro, M. D. Professor and Chairman Department of Psychiatry New York University School of Medicine Gabrielle A. Carlson, M. D. Professor of Psychiatry and Pediatrics New York State University at Stony Brook Stella Chess, M. D. Professor of Child Psychiatry New York University School of Medicine Gail Furman, Ph. D. Women’s Commission on Refugee Women and Children, United Nations Glenn S. Hirsch, M. D. Assistant Professor of Clinical Psychiatry Deputy Director, Child Study Center Medical Director, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry New York University School of Medicine Rachel Klein, Ph. D. Professor of Psychiatry New York University School of Medicine Maria Kovacs, Ph. D. Professor of Psychiatry University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Wade P. Parks, M. D. , Ph. D. Professor and Chairman Department of Pediatrics New York University School of Medicine Emotional or psychological abuse is hypothesized to be embedded in all other forms of abuse. It encompasses any attitude or behavior which interferes with a child’s mental health or social development. † Examples include: yelling, screaming, name calling, shaming, negative comparisons to others, and telling children they are bad or no good. Another aspect of emotional abuse is the failure to provide the affection and support necessary for the development of a child’s emotional, social, physical and intellectual well-being. Examples include: ignoring, withdrawal of attention, lack of praise, and lack of positive reinforcement. Although attention to other forms of abuse has increased in recent years, there is little understanding of the incidence of emotional or psychological abuse. Neglect, unlike abuse, is defined by the absence of specific events. There are currently five identified types of neglect. 1) Physical neglect is defined as a failure to provide for a child’s physical needs. This includes failure to provide adequate food, clothing, and shelter. ) Emotional neglect is defined as a failure to provide for a child’s emotional needs. In extreme cases, this can lead to nonorganic failure to thrive (stunted growth and physical illness/ abnormalities). 3) Medical neglect is defined as a failure to provide or comply with prescribed medical treatment for a child (e. g. , immunizations, surgery, medications). 4) Mental health neglect is defined as a failure to provide or comply with recomm ended corrective or therapeutic procedures in cases of serious emotional or behavioral disorders. This is not widely accepted and investigated as a form of neglect. 5) Educational neglect is defined as a failure to comply with state requirements for school attendance. Incidence of neglect is unknown, partially due to the fact that there may be no visible sign to caregivers outside of the home (e. g. , teachers, pediatricians). education †¢ clinical care †¢ professional training †¢ scientific research †¢ school outreach †¢ information update When the worst happens: Fatalities Every day in the United States, more than 3 children die as a result of child abuse and neglect. Most of the children who die are younger than 6 years old. More preschoolers die from child abuse and neglect than any other cause of death (such as falls, choking on food, suffocation, drowning, residential fires, and motor vehicle collisions). †¢ they were not functioning well prior to the abuse/neglect †¢ they blame themselves for the abuse/ neglect and its consequences †¢ they view the world as a dangerous place †¢ they lack social support †¢ they lack concrete coping skills What is known about the psychological functioning of abused and/or neglected children varies by type of maltreatment. The following is a summary of extant research for each type of abuse and neglect. What must be highlighted is that there is no symptom cluster that we can use to identify a child as having been abused and/or neglected. Sexually abused children have been found to experience symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a combination of symptoms that involves reliving the trauma over and over, avoiding things that remind one of the trauma, anxiety responses in the body, behavior problems, and interpersonal deficits. As many as 50% of sexually abused children meet criteria for PTSD, a higher rate than for any other form of abuse or neglect. Even if they do not meet full criteria, the majority of sexually abused children experience PTSD symptoms. Behavior problems of sexually abused children appear to differ by age. The caregivers of younger children report oppositional, aggressive, and defiant behavior. Adolescents tend to engage in risky behavior, such as drug use, eating disorders, and running away from home. Across childhood, sexual behavior problems are associated with having been sexually abused. As with PTSD, children who have been sexually abused are more likely to exhibit sexual behavior problems than children who have been physically abused and neglected. Interpersonally, sexually abused children tend to be less socially skilled and more isolated. Feelings of shame and being different from other children exacerbate these interpersonal deficits. The symptoms experienced by physically abused children and sexually abused children overlap. Children who have been physically abused have been found to have symptoms of anxiety, depression, low selfesteem, behavior problems, and interpersonal problems. Although these children have lower rates of PTSD, hypervigilance (a symptom defined as an extreme awareness of one’s surroundings and personal space) is a frequently reported symptom. Symptoms of separation anxiety and generalized anxiety disorders also are common among physically abused children. Behavior problems observed include aggression, juvenile delinquency, and oppositional behavior, occurring with parents, teachers, and peers, in both home and school settings. Physically abused children may have a variety of interpersonal deficits, including misreading of social cues, lower status among peers, and fewer social skills. Their social networks tend to be more insular and negative. Our understanding of the impact of neglect on children’s psychological functioning is limited by the dearth of research in this area. Based on studies of children exposed to different types of neglect, preliminary findings indicate that these children may experience attachment problems, regressive behavior, learning problems, low self-esteem, and juvenile delinquency in later years. Compared to abused children, neglected children are less aggressive, less interactive with peers, more passive, and more depressed. Neglected (versus abused) children tend toward helplessness under stress and have more severe developmental delays. Emotional abuse, as mentioned, may be a component of the other forms of abuse and neglect. Thus, emotionally abused children would be vulnerable to the symptoms described previously. Emerging research reveals that neglected children may experience insecure attachment relationships, aggression with peers and other behavioral problems, learning problems, low selfesteem, depression, failure to thrive, somatic symptoms and bed wetting. Some psychologists have argued that emotional abuse may be the best predictor of maladaptive developmental outcomes. Which children are more vulnerable to abuse and neglect? Various characteristics of abused children have been examined by child protective services agencies for their association with physical abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect. Girls are 4 times more likely than boys to be sexually abused, whereas there are no gender differences for neglect and physical abuse. Older children are more likely than younger children to be abused or neglected. There are no significant differences in maltreatment rates by race. Children living in single-parent homes may be more at risk for physical abuse and neglect than children living in two-parent homes. Families with limited financial resources are much more likely to maltreat children than families with annual incomes above $30,000. What are the effects of abuse and neglect? Abuse and neglect may interfere with a child’s development in various ways. Relationships with other people, self-esteem, physical activity, academic performance, and psychological functioning are impacted by child abuse and neglect. Not all children however, will show the same results. What predicts children’s psychological responses to abuse and/or neglect? Children are more vulnerable to the development of psychological problems if: †¢ Abuse/neglect is more severe (longer duration of each incident, more chronic, more physical injury, more abusers) †¢ they are younger when the abuse/ neglect begins †¢ they have a closer relationship to the abuser education †¢ clinical care †¢ professional training †¢ scientific research †¢ school outreach †¢ information update What if abuse or neglect is suspected? If you are a child who is being abused and/or neglected, a caregiver who fears s/he may be at risk for abusing a child, or a concerned citizen who suspects that a child may be abused or neglected, you can contact your local state child maltreatment hotline. In New York State the number to call is: 1-800-3423720 (in state), 1-518-474-8740 (out of state). Child protective specialists will take the report or help decide if a report should be made. The investigation is initiated within 24 hours of the report and findings on the existence of abuse/ neglect are decided within 60 days of the report. Mental health treatment of abused and neglected children: what the research tells us Over the past decade, there has been an exciting shift in the attention given to testing different forms of therapy for abused and neglected children. A number of rigorously conducted studies have found that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is efficacious for children exposed to sexual and physical abuse. 4 Compared to other forms of therapy, CBT decreases symptoms of PTSD, general anxiety, depression, behavior problems, and social skills deficits. The data suggest the importance of focusing directly on the traumatic event and including both children and their caregivers. To date, there has been no rigorous study comparing different interventions for neglect. According to Erikson and Egeland (2002),5 extant research indicates that interventions are successful with no more than 50% of participating families. Neglectful families may be difficult to engage in services because parents can be disorganized, distancing, or depressed. The most effective interventions are those that are comprehensive and relatively longterm. One analysis of numerous prevention programs indicated that individualization may be critical for success. 6 Individualization means that different strategies are needed for different families dealing with different issues. Other factors to take into account include: child’s age, gender, and race, family composition, and characteristics of the parents (need for parent training, substance abuse treatment, etc. ) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) This type of treatment involves both the abused child and caregiver. The goals of therapy for the children are to provide a model for them to understand their reactions to abuse, normalize their experiences and symptoms, teach coping skills for upsetting thoughts, feelings, and behavior, and discuss the abusive events. The specific techniques can be tailored to take into account developmental differences (e. g. , age, cognitive development). Education is used to define child abuse, help children label and identify emotions, and teach the relationship between emotions, thoughts, and behaviors. Coping Skills Training is designed to provide skills for children to cope with the diversity of abuse-related emotions. Relaxation Training provides training in diaphragmatic breathing and progressive muscle relaxation. A simple, two-step procedure (e. g. , acting like a tin soldier, then a wet noodle) is used with younger children, whereas progressive muscle relaxation is used with teenagers. These are portable techniques that children can implement in multiple settings in which symptoms arise (e. g. , classroom, home, car). Cognitive Restructuring helps children systematically identify and challenge negative or distorted thoughts that may be precursors of emotional and behavioral problems. Anger Management Skills teach children to recognize anger-producing situations and implement problem solving through didactic exercises and role plays. Telling about the Abuse is designed to habituate children to cues of the abuse (e. g. , smells, sights, sounds) without the feared consequences, such that emotional distress and avoidance decrease. Personal Safety Training involves communication skills training and developing a safety plan. Throughout therapy, techniques such as role plays and homework are used to practice the various skills and generalize in-session symptom reduction to real life situations. The therapist spends the end of each session in a joint meeting with the caregiver and child to review the content of the session and homework, such that the caregiver provides guidance to the child with skill acquisition and rehearsal. The goals of therapy for the parents are to normalize their feelings and thoughts Services: Who gets what? Given the potential impact of abuse and neglect on children, there is an arguable need for services. The commonalities in symptoms across abuse types reveal that children experiencing physical or sexual abuse may benefit from similar mental health interventions. In contrast, service delivery studies indicate that physically and sexually abused children are receiving different types of services. Investigations of families referred to child protective services found that victims of sexual abuse are more likely to receive any form of intervention than victims of physical abuse. When services are provided, sexually abused children tend to receive individual therapy, whereas physically abused children tend to receive inhome crisis services. 3 Neglected children (with or without exposure to abuse) have service needs that extend beyond mental health interventions. These children may benefit from improved housing, food stamps, clothing, medical care, and consistent school attendance. There have been no studies of typical services provided to neglected children. education †¢ clinical care †¢ professional training †¢ scientific research †¢ school outreach †¢ information update about their child’s experience, teach them the coping skills such that they can coach their children in the use of the skills, and provide behavior management training for externalizing symptoms. Using education, the parent is taught the relationship between emotions, thoughts, and behaviors, and relates this model to the treatment rationale. Parent coping skills sessions include relaxation training and cognitive restructuring to help parents with their own symptoms and help them model coping skills for their children. A recommended model for parent training on behavioral management, particularly useful for families with abused children is Forehand and McMahon’s (2003)7 intervention program that has been shown to improve parenting practices with noncompliant children. The process is designed to encourage problemsolving skills through discussion, role playing, rehearsal, and live therapist feedback. Program topics include: attending, rewards, ignoring, clear instructions, consequences for compliance and noncompliance, and standing rules. Training methods utilized are: instruction, modeling, rehearsal, practice with child while being observed and coached, utilization of behavioral criteria, and weekly homework. One benefit of cognitive behavioral therapy is its flexibility. The aforementioned treatment techniques can be used in individual, group, or family therapy, and in outpatient therapists’ offices, schools, and psychiatric units in hospitals. The flexibility also allows the intervention to be adapted to the needs of the particular child. For example, if the child is going to court, education, anxiety management, and role plays should focus on that experience. If the child was abused by a caregiver, it is recommended that treatment begin with a non-offending caregiver while the offending caregiver receives separate treatment. The long-term goal would be to include the offending caregiver in the child’s treatment, building to clarification, a process in which the offender acknowledges the abuse, apologizes for his/her role, and discusses ways to prevent recurrence. Medication may be relevant for particular symptom clusters, such as, insomnia and depression. Summary Child abuse and neglect is a commonly occurring phenomenon with tremendous psychological and economic costs to our society. Emerging research indicates that maltreated children may experience a variety of mental health problems, including PTSD and other anxiety disorders, depression, poor self-esteem, social skills deficits, and behavior problems. If not treated, these problems may persist through adolescence into adulthood. In fact, abuse and neglect may have long term effects on a child’s selfesteem, relationships, professional success, and sense of wellbeing. Recent treatment studies inform us of the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy. Next steps include making this type of therapy more available to patients through outreach, public education, and training of therapists in the techniques. References l. Runyon, M, Kelly, MC, Berry, EJ, Deblinger, E, Brown, EJ (in press). Incidence and surveillance of child maltreatment, In J. Lutzer (Ed. ) Violence prevention. Kolko, DJ Brown, EJ (2000) Child sexual abuse. In RT Ammerman M Hersen (Eds. ) Case studies in family violence. 2nd Ed. , pp. 177-207. New York: Plenum Publishing. Kolko, DJ, Selelyo, J, Brown, EJ (1999) The treatment histories and service experiences of physically and sexually abuse families. Description, correspondence, and correlates. Child abuse and neglect, 23, 459- 476. Brown, EJ, Albrecht, A, MunozSilva, DM, McQuaid, J Silva, R (in press) Treatment of children exposed to trauma: Research findings and therapy guidelines. In R. Silva (Ed. ) Handbook for posttraumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents. New York, NY: Norton Medical Publications. Erickson, MF Egeland, B (2002) Child neglect. In JB Myers, L Berliner, J Briere, CT Hendrix, C Jenny, TA Reid (Eds. ) APSAC handbook on child maltreatment, 2nd Ed. (pp 3-20) Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Wekerle, C, Wolfe, DA (1993) Prevention of child abuse and neglect: Promising new directions. Clinical psychology review, 13(6), 501-540. Forehand, R McMahon, RJ (2003) Helping the noncompliant child: A clinician’s guide to parent training, 2nd Ed. New York: Guilford Press. 2. 3. 4. About the Authors Elissa J. Brown, Ph. D. , is Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, Child Study Center, NYU School of Medicine. Dr. Brown’s primary clinical and research interests include the prevention and treatment of child trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder. She has participated in research on the psychosocial sequelae and treatment of sexual assault, child physical abuse, and children with sexual behavior problems. Dr. Brown is the principal investigator of a 5-year grant from the National Institute of Mental Health to study the treatment of child physical abuse . She is one of the investigators for a center grant from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration to join the National Child Trauma Center. Shamir A. Khan is a doctoral candidate in Clinical Psychology at Teachers College, Columbia University. He is also a Research Assistant at the Child Study Center on a study of traumatically bereaved children. His primary research interests include the interactions between child trauma and family functioning. 5. 6. 7. education †¢ clinical care †¢ professional training †¢ scientific research †¢ school outreach †¢ information update Helpful Links from ChildhelpUSA. org Arizona Child Abuse InfoCenter Child Welfare League of America Child Welfare League of America National Data Analysis System CWLA, in cooperation with the nation’s state child welfare agencies, provides a comprehensive, interactive child welfare database. Internet users can create customized tables and graphs, as well as access information and links to additional information. Child Trends Data Bank Childrens Action Alliance Childrens Defense Fund Children Now KIDS COUNT Data Book (Annie E. Casey Foundation) MEDLINEplus ® (A service of the U. S. National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health) MEDLINEplus ® Informacion de Salud (Un servicio de la Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina EE. UU. y los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud) National Clearinghouse on Child Abuse and Neglect Information: The nations largest database of child maltreatment and related child welfare materials. Includes publications, fact sheets, searchable databases, child abuse reporting telephone numbers, statistics, and summaries and analyses of state laws. Parents Anonymous Prevent Child Abuse America Search Engine for Children: This site contains over 20,000 child-safe sites, and over 4,000 categories including the arts, computers, directories, entertainment, games, health, news, people, pre-school, school time, sports, hobbies, and family. Stand for Children State Sex Offender Registries U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Children’s Bureau: Produces two primary sources of national statistics on child abuse and neglect, which are Child Maltreatment: Reports from the States to the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) and the National Incidence Study (NIS), vailable from the National Clearinghouse on Child Abuse and Neglect. AboutOurKids Related Articles About Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) http://www. aboutourkids. org/articles/about _ptsd. html About Reactive Attachment Disorder of Infancy or Early Childhood http://www. aboutourkids. org/articles/about _attachment. html Helping Children Develo p Healthy Sexual Behavior and Attitudes http://www. aboutourkids. org/articles/ sexual_development_part2. html Institute for Trauma and Stress http://www. boutourkids. org/programs/ trauma_stress. html Resources for Helping Children Cope with Trauma and Loss http://www. aboutourkids. org/articles/crisis _index. html Towards a Better Understanding of Childrens Sexual Behavior http://www. aboutourkids. org/articles/ sexual. html Child Study Center 5 5 0 F i r s t A v e n u e N e w Yo r k , N Y 1 0 0 1 6 (212)263-6622 NEW YORK UNIVERSITY The NYU Child Study Center Letter is published five times annually. Letter SCHOOL OF MEDICINE

Sir Lancelot Essays - The Lady Of Shalott, , Term Papers

95.Sir Lancelot is going to Camelot 96.Its about dusk time or the sun is just going down 97.Its night and there are a bunch of stars out 98.a shooting star passing through the night 99.as it moves over Shalott, nothing is going on at Shalott 100.hes got wide and nice eyebrows that glisten in the sun 101.His horse's hooves are polished 102.Hes got hair that is long and it flows 103.His hair is coal black 104.His coal black hair flows as he rides to Camelot 105.He comes close to the river 106.He shows up in Shalotts mirror 107.Hes singing a song and he hear tirra lira 108.Sir Lancelot is singing 109.She stopped weaving and went towards the window 110.She made three large steps to the window 111.She looks out the window and sees water-lilies 112.She sees his helmet 113.She also look all the way down to Camelot 114.Her weaving came apart 115.The mirror cracked 116.She is realizing that the curse is upon her 117.Lady of Shalott 118.Wind is now stirring up 119.The tree leaves are turning yellow 120.The river is splashing all over the place 121.Its now raining on top of all that 122.All this is going every were including Camelot 123.She came down the tower and found a boat 124.Its floating below a willow tree 125.On the prow of the boat she writes her name 126.Lady of Shalott 127.She looks down the river 128.Like a person who can see into the future 129.And she can see that she is doomed by the curse 130.Her face has a glazed expression 131.She looked down to Camelot 132.At the end of the day 133.She unties the chain and she sits down In the boat 134.And she float down the river 135.Lady of Shalott 136.She is dressed all in Wight 137.The dress is loss and flowing in the wind 138.Leaves are falling on her lightly 139.The noises of the night like crickets and owls or wolves howling 140.She was floating down the river to Camelot 141.The boat was going down the winding river 142.She passes by fields full of willows and bare fields of grass 143.She is singing her last song and people near can hear it 144.Lady of Shalott 145.Her song is haunting and soft 146.Now her song is loud 147.Her blood is freezing over slowly 148.Her eyes were closing slowly she was dying 149.Her boat turned to Camelot 150.Before she reached the tide 151.Before the first house b the river 152.As she is singing her song she dies as she finishes 153.Lady of Shalott 154.She floating through the river that goes under a tower 155.She floats by a garden wall 156.She also floats by a tall shiny shape 157.As shes floating down by the houses 158.She is silent 159.They came out to see the dead lady 160.Everyone came out even knights, even a lord came out 161.They all gathered by the passing boat and read her name 162.Lady of Shalott 163.Who is coming in to the scene 164.Is the bright palace that is close by 165.This is a sad moment. No one is happy 166.They made the symbol of a cross to protect them self 167.Even the brave knights did the same 168.Here comes sir Lancelot 169.He says that she has a lovely face 170.He gives her a little prayer 171.Lady of Shalott

T.V and Children essays

T.V and Children essays From what I've experienced from hours in front of this controlling box, I have learned very little compared to real life experiences. But what else could be easier than to relax on a nice soft couch, and push a button? The television business has gotten attention from us all. From the classroom, the home and the workplace, the television industry has us right where they want us. We pay the high prices monthly. Television watching is a necessity in most people's live. Available to all, a cable network for the people. Why do people sit around and watch this? Not all television shows are bad. Educational shows are found daily on many channels at my house. The issue to many is appropriate television for the children. Once a child has been to a friend's house, he or she has most likely played outside, played with toys, colored a picture, and watched TV. Cable TV, with its wide variety of channel topics, has changed the way children and adults live their lives. Where as before, years ago, television was not available to all like it is today. Americans would read books and newspapers and listen to the radio. Living in a new millenium, people of this country are spoiled with technology. The television is the leading piece that Americans own. There are seven televisions in my home currently. There are five people living in my house. I don't know what to say. An older brother coming home with little sisters watching his show creates no other feelings but perhaps disappointment and disgust. The television is hardly regulated; thus many influences began to pour upon society and fuse into the slow process of change which resulted in the characteristics of our present day society. The television took America from an organized and uniform nation, transforming it into a somewhat disarray of mixed thoughts, different attitudes 5 and new understandings. The statistics on television in the average Americans' life is shocking, yet believable. To share jus...

USS Hornet (CV-12) in World War II

USS Hornet (CV-12) in World War II USS Hornet (CV-12) - Overview: Nation: United States Type: Aircraft Carrier Shipyard: Newport News Shipbuilding Company Laid Down: August 3. 1942 Launched: August 30, 1943 Commissioned: November 29, 1943 Fate: Museum Ship USS Hornet (CV-12) - Specifications: Displacement: 27,100 tons Length: 872 ft. Beam: 147 ft., 6 in. Draft: 28 ft., 5 in. Propulsion: 8 Ãâ€" boilers, 4 Ãâ€" Westinghouse geared steam turbines, 4 Ãâ€" shafts Speed: 33 knots Range: 20,000 nautical miles at 15 knots Complement: 2,600 men USS Hornet (CV-12) - Armament: 4 Ãâ€" twin 5 inch 38 caliber guns4 Ãâ€" single 5 inch 38 caliber guns8 Ãâ€" quadruple 40 mm 56 caliber guns46 Ãâ€" single 20 mm 78 caliber guns Aircraft 90-100 aircraft USS Hornet (CV-12) - Design Construction: Designed in the 1920s and early 1930s, the US Navys Lexington- and Yorktown-class aircraft carriers were built to conform to the restrictions set forth by the Washington Naval Treaty. This pact placed restrictions on the tonnage of different types of warships as well as capped each signatorys overall tonnage. These types of limitations were affirmed through the 1930 London Naval Treaty. As global tensions increased, Japan and Italy left the agreement in 1936. With the collapse of the treaty system, the US Navy began conceiving a design for a new, larger class of aircraft carrier and one which drew from the lessons learned from the Yorktown-class. The resulting design was wider and longer as well as included a deck-edge elevator system. This had been used earlier on USS Wasp. In addition to carrying a larger air group, the new design possessed a greatly increased anti-aircraft armament. Designated the Essex-class, the lead ship, USS Essex (CV-9), was laid down in April 1941. This was followed by several additional carriers including USS Kearsarge (CV-12) which was laid down on August 3, 1942 as World War II raged. Taking shape at Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company, the ships name honored the steam sloop USS which defeated CSS Alabama during the Civil War. With the loss of USS Hornet (CV-8) at the Battle of Santa Cruz in October 1942, the name of the new carrier was changed to USS Hornet (CV-12) to honor its predecessor. On August 30, 1943, Hornet slid down the ways with Annie Knox, wife of Secretary of the Navy Frank Knox, serving as sponsor. Eager to have the new carrier available for combat operations, the US Navy pushed its completion and the ship was commissioned on November 29 with Captain Miles R. Browning in command. USS Hornet (CV-8) - Early Operations: Departing Norfolk, Hornet proceeded to Bermuda for a shakedown cruise and to commence training. Returning to port, the new carrier then made preparations to depart for the Pacific. Sailing on February 14, 1944, it received orders to join Vice Admiral Marc Mitschers Fast Carrier Task Force at Majuro Atoll. Arriving in the Marshall Islands on March 20, Hornet then moved south to provide support for General Douglas MacArthurs operations along the northern coast of New Guinea. With the completion of this mission, Hornet mounted raids against the Caroline Islands before preparing for the invasion of the Marianas. Reaching the islands on June 11, the carriers aircraft took part in attacks on Tinian and Saipan before turning their attention to Guam and Rota. USS Hornet (CV-8) - Philippine Sea Leyte Gulf: After strikes to the north on Iwo Jima and Chichi Jima, Hornet returned to the Marianas on June 18. The next day, Mitschers carriers prepared to engage the Japanese in the Battle of the Philippine Sea. On June 19, Hornets planes attacked airfields in the Marianas with the goal of eliminating as many land-based aircraft as possible before the Japanese fleet arrived. Successful, American carrier-based aircraft later destroyed several waves of enemy aircraft in what became known as the Great Marianas Turkey Shoot. American strikes the next day succeeded in sinking the carrier Hiyo. Operating from Eniwetok, Hornet spent the remainder of the summer mounting raids on the Marianas, Bonins, and Palaus while also attacking Formosa and Okinawa. In October, Hornet provided direct support for the landings on Leyte in the Philippines before becoming embroiled in the Battle of Leyte Gulf. On October 25, the carriers aircraft provided support for elements of Vice Admiral Thomas Kinkaids Seventh Fleet when they came under attack off Samar. Striking the Japanese Center Force, the American aircraft hastened its withdrawal. Over the next two months, Hornet remained in the area supporting Allied operations in the Philippines. With the beginning of 1945, the carrier moved to attack Formosa, Indochina, and the Pescadores before conducting photo reconnaissance around Okinawa. Sailing from Ulithi on February 10, Hornet took part in strikes against Tokyo before turning south to support the invasion of Iwo Jima. USS Hornet (CV-8) - Later War: In late March, Hornet moved to provide cover for the invasion of Okinawa on April 1. Six days later, its aircraft aided in defeating Japanese Operation Ten-Go and sinking the battleship Yamato. For the next two months, Hornet alternated between conducting strikes against Japan and providing support for Allied force on Okinawa. Caught in a typhoon on June 4-5, the carrier saw approximately 25 feet of its forward flight deck collapse. Withdrawn from combat, Hornet returned to San Francisco for repairs. Completed on September 13, shortly after the wars end, the carrier returned to service as part of Operation Magic Carpet. Cruising to the Marianas and Hawaii, Hornet helped return American servicemen to the United States. Finishing this duty, it arrived at San Francisco on February 9, 1946 and was decommissioned the following year on January 15. USS Hornet (CV-8) - Later Service Vietnam: Placed in the Pacific Reserve Fleet, Hornet remained inactive until 1951 when it moved to the New York Naval Shipyard for an SCB-27A modernization and conversion into an attack aircraft carrier. Re-commissioned on September 11, 1953, the carrier trained in the Caribbean before departing for the Mediterranean and Indian Ocean. Moving east, Hornet aided in the search for survivors from a Cathay Pacific DC-4 which was downed by Chinese aircraft near Hainan. Returning to San Francisco in December 1954, it remained on the West Coast training until assigned to the 7th Fleet in May 1955. Arriving in the Far East, Hornet aided in evacuating anti-communist Vietnamese from the northern part of the country before commencing routine operations off Japan and the Philippines. Steaming to Puget Sound in January 1956, the carrier entered the yard for a SCB-125 modernization which included the installation of an angled flight deck and a hurricane bow. Emerging a year later, Hornet returned to the 7th Fleet and made multiple deployments to the Far East. In January 1956, the carrier was selected for conversion to an anti-submarine warfare support carrier. Returning to Puget Sound that August, Hornet spent four months undergoing alterations for this new role. Resuming operations with the 7th Fleet in 1959, the carrier conducted routine missions in the Far East until the beginning of the Vietnam War in 1965. The next four years saw Hornet make three deployments to the waters off Vietnam in support of operations ashore. During this period, the carrier also became involved in recovery missions for NASA. In 1966, Hornet recovered AS-202, an unmanned Apollo Command Module before being designated the primary recovery ship for Apollo 11 three years later. On July 24, 1969, helicopters from Hornet recovered Apollo 11 and its crew after the first successful moon landing. Brought aboard, Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, and Michael Collins were housed in a quarantine unit and visited by President Richard M. Nixon. On November 24, Hornet performed a similar mission when it recovered Apollo 12 and its crew near American Samoa. Returning to Long Beach, CA on December 4, the carrier was selected for deactivation the following month. Decommissioned on June 26, 1970, Hornet moved into reserve at Puget Sound. Later brought to Alameda, CA, the ship opened as a museum October 17, 1998. Selected Sources DANFS: USS Hornet (CV-12)USS Hornet MuseumNavSource: USS Hornet (CV-12)

Mangosteen Remedies Marketing Plan Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Mangosteen Remedies Marketing Plan - Coursework Example From this paper it is clear that physicians prescribe the drugs for chronic diseases as mentioned above, which are mostly NSAIDs, to provide relief from pain. Although, they are highly effective yet they have severe side effects too. The worst part is that once patient stops consuming it, disease returns with a bang. They are only a stopgap arrangement and not a real cure in themselves. These medicines cause stomach cramps, drowsiness, diarrhea, heartburn, edema (swelling of the feet), nausea and much of the discomfort. Moreover, NSAIDs pose a risk of causing stroke, heart attacks, clotting, and kidney failure, if consumed for a longer duration. The risk is associated with the amount of dosages. No one would like to have such risks and dependency on such drugs. If choice is available for an alternative medicine; it is for sure that patient would prefer switching over to a safer drug where there are no side effects even after taking medicines for a long time. ‘Mangosteen Remedie s’ produces medicines from rind of mangosteen and using many such herbs. Mangosteen is a naturally available fruit. Its remedial potential lies in compounds called xanthones found in abundance in the rind of this fruit. Medical science has found a large group of xanthones in mangosteen. Xanthones are recognized as most potent antioxidants provided by Mother Nature. Antioxidants are the compounds that throw toxic elements out of our body and prevent oxidation of our cells. That is how it increases our immunity slowing the process of ageing and providing strength to fight back chronic diseases. Anti-inflammatory properties of xanthone make it an ideal substitute for many steroid-based drugs in the long run. (Properties of Xanthones) That is why it is found to work on asthma patients giving them relief including the patients suffering from bronchitis asthma. Mangosteen rind extract is found to work in many ailments for the above mentioned reasons. It imparts a rejuvenating effec t increasing the energy levels in humans and a good part is that it delivers a permanent cure without causing any side effects. The manufacturing operation consists of extracting xanthones from mangosteen rind and suitable preparations are made that are high in xanthone concentrations. Medicines outside of U.S FDA ‘Mangosteen Remedies’ products will be marketed in the form of dietary supplements. U.S. FDA does not offer any opinion on dietary supplements. This is to establish the fact that these medicines are beyond the purview of U.S. FDA.

Choose one country in the world and answer the following questions. i Essay

Choose one country in the world and answer the following questions. i pickd Brazil - Essay Example language is Portuguese, and although Brasilia is the capital city, Sao Paulo is the largest city in the country (as of 2012 its population stands at massive 11.2 million). Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte and Salvador are also hugely populated. The annual population growth rate currently stands at 1.17%- one of the fastest in the world. Life expectancy in Brazil is one of the highest in the world at 73.1 years, with an average annual income of $12,917; the GDP (nominal exchange rate) is $2.5 trillion, while the GDP (purchasing power parity) is $2.3 trillion (Richard 52). Annual growth stands at 3.5% as of 2012. According to the Brazilian government’s 2011 statistics, 90.3% of the adult population is literate and the infant mortality rate is 22.5/1,000, representing 22.5 deaths per a thousand births. What surprised me most about Brazil is that the country’s land size and population just about matches that of the United States. Apart from this, I was also slightly taken aback to realize that Brazil actually manufactures its own aero planes and jets, being the fourth largest producer of commercial planes and jets in the whole world. Something else which got me scratching my head is that it is also the only Latin American country to own, service and maintain its own aircraft carrier; I consider this to be quite an achievement. Compared to the United States, life in Brazil is cheaper, taking into consideration that both countries are large, populated and heavily industrialized (Richard 74). Just like the United States, the population is very diverse as it is composed of people of Portuguese, Spanish, German, Italian Japanese and Middle Eastern heritage in addition to indigenous peoples. Brazilians are hardworking and dedicated, but they are also one of the friendliest and fun loving people in the world. They lead lifestyles that can be considered liberal and free. According to Richard (105), 60% of the world’s largest tropical rainforest and ecosystem (the Amazon)

Gay Community Essay Example for Free

Gay Community Essay The gay community or LGBT community is a loosely defined grouping of LGBT and LGBT supportive people, organizations and subcultures united by common culture and civil rights movements. Furthermore, the remarkable growth of the gay community in recent history has revolutionized our culture and consciousness, creating radically new possibilities for people to â€Å"come out†, and live more openly as homosexuals. Before the early years, homosexuality was a taboo subject. Since then, times have changed and this community is somewhat being accepted. Moreover, this diverse community is constantly expanding, and consists of many types of people. The gay community has gained great attention in arts, entertainment, media, and politics. Most of the people that make up this community each have their own unique style in all different aspects. Consisting of races throughout all aspects of life, the gay community is worldwide. That being said, what makes up the gay community? Within the LGBT communities, there exist identifiable sub-communities, such as the leather community, bear community, chubby community, lesbian community, bisexual community, transgender community, and the drag community. Nevertheless, each one of the sub-communities have there own particular ways and views of there sexuality. In other words, they all stick together. The gay community generally celebrates pride, diversity, individuality, and sexuality. The term gay pride is used to express the LGBT community’s identity and collective strengths; gay pride parades provide both a prime example of the use and a demonstration of the general meaning of the term. Also, within the gay community some people create there own particular family. These families consist of the mom, dad, children, and so on. They create a bond and they indeed stick together. Other interests within the gay communities include gay nightclubs, pageants, balls, and also lip singing shows. The gay community is frequently associated with certain symbols; especially rainbow or the rainbow flag. The Greek lambda symbols (â€Å"L† for liberation), triangles, ribbons, and gender symbols are also used as gay acceptance symbol. There a many types of flags to represent subdivisions in the gay community but the most commonly recognized one is the rainbow flag. Nevertheless, each color represents a value in the community. Pink represents sexuality, red represents life, orange represents healing, yellow represent the sun, green represents nature, blue represents art, indigo represents harmony, and last but not least, violent represents spirit. As far as language, the gay community have there own slang, just as other slangs like African Americans, Jewish slang, Hispanic slang, or any other slang. Usually one must be in the group to know its slang, but there are many words in gay slang that are known to all of us, such as drag queen, butch, or bull dyke. Other newer gay slan g words used today are fag-hag, which is a straight female who prefers the company of a gay male and dish which means gossip. Communication between gays, what they say opposed to how they say it, is quite unique. For instance, many gay males use alternate â€Å"lady-names†, and masculine female use alternate â€Å"male-names†, both used as a form of address within gay circles. The gay community is continuously growing and has been acknowledged in so many ways. Homosexuality is seemingly more accepted and tolerated in the United States today than decades ago. There are laws in many states that make it a crime to discriminate based on sexual orientation and many communities across the country have gays and lesbians openly serving in important roles. Yet there are many who still oppose homosexuality and many object to it on religious grounds. I do pride this community because I am apart of it. But like the old saying says â€Å"To each is his own†. Everyone has there own opinion.

Essay --

Descartes’ philosophy of mind in terms of immaterialism is closely associated with Dualism. His proposition is that mind and body are not identical, or can be rephrased as, mental phenomena are non-physical. Descartes’ whole structure of philosophy is presented by the way of Dualism to some extent. He distinctly divides the world into several entities of different nature and characters, each of which is independent. So in terms of mind-body relationship, he proposes the mind-body dichotomy. But when he has anatomized the major difference between the two, he had to get back to it because he is bothered with the explanation of the synergy and interaction between mind and body. So he is facing with the major confrontation between the dualism and the mind-body synergy in my way of interpretation. Dualism is tenacious and flexible because it is not running counter to people’s intuition – mind and body are different. This is the most common opinion towards the mind-and-body issue, which is something we take for granted. In our daily lives, the difference between the state of mind and state of material is obvious: First of all, subject of material occupies space; it takes up space and is presented dimensionally. The subject of mind is invisible and therefore does not take up space. Second, attributes of mind are different from those of material. For example, when pain is inflicted upon our body, we can only FEEL it but according to neurologist’s account there’s nothing in our nerves that is found identical to the characteristics of pain. Third, the cognitive characteristics that we have for knowledge are different. Put it this way, perception towards material is ‘public’, or say, every individual who has certain intact body structure ... ...perceive and to think, we need to have a BODY to carry the thinking and perceiving activity. Subject matter are more transparent and clear than object matter. For example, we see, we touch, we imagine wax so we come to the conclusion that wax does exit; the subject matter that carries these activity are self-explanatory. To put it in a nutshell, ‘Cogito ergo sum’ is the starting point of the whole structure of Descartes’ philosophy. But it is the ‘epitaph’ of his ‘universal doubt’. ‘Cogito ergo sum’ is not pure immaterialism. Rather it’s pure theory of perception. It is fallible to conclude that Descartes is immaterial; it is very vulnerable and susceptible to attack, because the immaterialism is derived from Descartes whole body structure of his philosophy. While in light of ‘I think, (therefore) I exist’, it is not pure immaterial or material to say the least.

Synopsis of El Filibusterismo Essay

Crisostomo Ibarra of the Noli Me Tangere, who, with Elias’ help, escaped from the pursuing soldiers at Laguna de Bay, dug up his buried treasure, and fled to Cuba where he became rich and befriended many Spanish officials. Thirteen years after leaving the Philippines, Crisostomo Ibarra returned as Simoun, a rich jeweler with a beard and blue-tinted glasses, and a close friend of the Captain-General. Abandoning his personality, he became a revolutionist, seeking revenge against the Spanish Philippine system responsible for his misfortunes by plotting a revolution. Simoun gradually made his way into the Manila high society and influenced every decision of the Captain-General to mismanage the country’s affairs so that a revolution will break out. By using his wealth and political influence, he encourages corruption in the government, promotes the oppression of the masses, and hastens the moral degradation of the country so that the people may become desperate and fight. He sarcastically sides with the upper classes, encouraging them to commit abuses against the masses to encourage the lower classes to revolt against the oppressive Spanish colonial regime. He did not attempt to fight the authorities through legal means but through violent revolution using the masses. Simoun has reasons for plotting a revolution. First is to rescue Marà ­a Clara from the convent of Santa Clara and second, to get rid of ills and evils of Philippine society. The story of El Filibusterismo begins on board the clumsy, roundish shaped steamer Thesteamer was sailing upstream the Pasig from Manila to Laguna de Bay. Among the passengers were Simoun, the rich jeweler; Doà ±a Victorina, the ridiculously pro-Spanish native woman who is going to Laguna in search of her henpecked husband, Doctor Tiburcio de Espadaà ±a, who had deserted her; Paulita Gomez, her beautiful niece; Ben-Zayb (anagram of Ibaà ±ez), a Spanish journalist who writes silly articles about the Filipinos; Father Sibyla, vice-rector of the University of Santo Tomas; Father Camorra, the parish priest of the town of Tiani; Don Custodio, a pro-Spanish Filipino holding a position in the government; Father Salvi, thin Franciscan friar and former cura of San Diego; Father Irene, a kind friar who was a friend of the Filipino students; Father Florentino, a retired scholarly and patriotic Filipino priest; Isagani, a poet-nephew of Padre Florentino and a lover of  Paulita; and Basilio, son of Sisa and promising medical student, whose medical education was financed by his patron, Capitan Tiago. Simoun, a man of wealth and mystery, is a very close friend and confidante of the Spanish governor general. Because of his great influence in Malacaà ±ang, he was called the â€Å"Brown Cardinal† or the â€Å"Black Eminence†. His true identity was discovered by a now grown-up Basilio while he was visiting the grave of his mother, Sisa, as Simoun dug near the grave site for his buried treasures. Simoun spared Basilio’s life and asked him to join in his planned revolution against the government, convincing him by bringing up the tragic misfortunes of Basilio’s family. Basilio declined the offer because he still hoped that the country’s condition will improve. Basilio, at this point, is a graduating student of medicine at the Ateneo Municipal de Manila. After the death of his mother, Sisa, and the disappearance of his younger brother, Crispà ­n, Basilio obeyed the advice of the dying boatman, Elà ­as, and traveled to Manila to study. Basilio was adopted by Captain Tiago after Marà ­a Clara entered the convent. With Captain Tiago’s help, Basilio was able to go to Colegio de San Juan de Letrà ¡n where, at first, he was glared upon by his classmates and teachers not only because of the color of his skin but also because of his untidy appearance which he also experienced at Ateneo. Captain Tiago’s confessor, Father Irene is making Captain Tiago’s health worse by giving him opium even as Basilio tried hard to prevent Captain Tiago from smoking it. He and the other students wanted to establish a Spanish language academy so that they can learn to speak and write Spanish despite the opposition from the Dominican friars of the Universidad de Santo Tomà ¡s. With the help of a reluctant Father Irene as their mediator and Don Custodio’s decision, the academy was established; however they will only serve as caretakers of the school not as the teachers. Depressed and defeated, they held a mock ce lebration at a panciterà ­a while a spy for the friars witnessed the proceedings. Simoun, for his part, kept in close contact with the bandit group of Kabesang Tales, a former cabeza de barangay who suffered misfortunes at the hands of the friars. Once a farmer owning a prosperous sugarcane plantation and a cabeza de barangay (barangay head), he was forced to give everything to the  greedy and corrupt Spanish friars. His son, Tano, who became a civil guard, was captured by bandits; his daughter Juli worked as a maid to get enough ransom money for his freedom; and his father, Tandang Selo, suffered a stroke and became mute. Before joining the bandits, Tales took Simoun’s revolver while Simoun was staying at his house for the night. As payment, Tales left a locket that once belonged to Marà ­a Clara. To further strengthen the revolution, Simoun had Quiroga, a Chinese man hoping to be appointed consul to the Philippines, smuggled weapons into the country using Quiroga’s market as a front. Simoun wished to attack during a stage play with all of his enemies in attendance but he suddenly aborted the attack when he learned from Basilio that Marà ­a Clara had died earlier that day in the convent. A few days after the mock celebration by the students, the people are troubled when disturbing posters are found displayed around the city. The authorities accused the students, those present at the panciterà ­a, of agitation and disturbance of peace and had them arrested. Basilio, although not present at the mock celebration, was also arrested. Captain Tiago died after finding out about the incident and as stated in his will—made by Father Irene, all his possessions were given to the Church, leaving nothing for Basilio. Basilio was left in prison as the other students were released. A high official tried to intervene for the release of Basilio but the Captain-General, bearing grudges against the high official, forced him to tender his resignation. Juli, Basilio’s girlfriend and the daughter of Kabesang Tales, tried to ask for Father Camorra’s help upon the advice of an elder woman. Instead of helping Juli, however, the priest tried to rape her as he had long-hidden desires for Juli. Juli, rather than submit to the will of the friar, jumps over the balcony to her death. Basilio was soon released with the help of Simoun. Basilio, now a changed man and after hearing about Juli’s suicide, finally joined Simoun’s revolution. Simoun then told Basilio his plan at the wedding of Paulita Gà ³mez and Juanito, Basilio’s hunch-backed classmate. His plan was to conceal nitroglycerin inside a pomegranate-styled Kerosene lamp that Simoun will give to the newlyweds as a gift during the wedding reception. The reception took place at the former home of the late Captain Tiago, which was now  filled with explosives planted by Simoun. According to Simoun, the lamp will stay lighted for only 20 minutes before it flickers; if someone attempted to turn the wick, it will explode and kill everyone—important members of civil society and the Church hierarchy—inside the house. Outside the house, Basilio was about to walk away because he knew the lamp was going to explode anytime soon but Basilio had a change of heart and attempted to warn Isagani, his friend and the former boyfriend of Paulita. Simoun left the reception early as planned and left a note behind; â€Å"Mene Thecel Phares.† â€Å"the future is predetermined† Juan Crisostomo Ibarra The people at the reception were shocked because Ibarra was supposed to be dead. Initially thinking that it was simply a bad joke, Father Salvà ­ recognized the handwriting and confirmed that it was indeed Ibarra’s. As people began to panic, the lamp flickered. Father Irene tried to turn the wick up when Isagani, due to his undying love for Paulita, burst into the room and threw the lamp into the river, ruining Simoun’s plans. He escaped by diving into the river as guards chased after him. He later regretted his impulsive action because he had contradicted his own belief that he loved his nation more than Paulita and that the explosion and revolution could have fulfilled his ideals for Filipino society. The band got caught and confessed that Simoun lead them.Simoun, now unmasked as the person behind the attempted bombing and failed revolution, became a fugitive. Wounded and exhausted after he was shot by the pursuing Guardia Civil, he found shelter at the home of Fathe r Florentino, Isagani’s uncle, and comes under the care of Doctor Tiburcio de Espadaà ±a, Doà ±a Victorina’s husband, who was also hiding at the house. The Spanish authorities, however, learned of his presence in the house of Padre Florentino. Lieutenant Perez of the Guardia Civil informs the priest by letter that he would come at eight o’clock that night to arrest Simoun. Simoun took poison in order for him not to be captured alive. Before he died, he revealed his real identity to Father Florentino while they exchanged thoughts about the failure of his revolution and why God forsook him. Father Florentino said that God did not forsake him  and that his plans were not for the greater good but for personal gain. Simoun, finally accepted Father Florentino’s explanation, squeezed his hand and died. Watching Simoun die peacefully with a clear conscience and at peace with God, Father Florentino falls upon his knees and prays for the dead jeweler. Father Florentino then took Simoun’s remaining jewels and threw them into the Pacific Ocean with the corals hoping that they would not be used by the greedy, and that when the time came that it would be used for the greater good, when the nation would be finally deserving liberty for themselves, the sea would reveal the treasures.

How does the presentation of Iago in Act1 sn1 lines 41-66 and Act1 sn3 lines 365-385 prepare the audience for the tragedy of Othello?

The two passages in question, the first a speech Iago makes at the start of the play, and the second, a short soliloquy at the end of Act one, introduce the audience to the character of Iago and the feelings he has towards Othello which will drive the action of the play and shape the tragedy. In the play, we see Othello, a heroic character, fall from grace. Shakespeare's successful use of peripeteia is accentuated by Othello's strive through adversity and what he has managed to achieve, especially in Venice which was the most powerful society in the world for a time. It was un-heard of for a â€Å"moor† to have reached such a momentous position considering the racism at this point in history. Othello is also a character that the audience can empathize with easily. This emphasizes the tragedy of Othello due to the fact that he doesn't deserve to have been plagued by trickery resulting in him murdering Desdemona and then killing himself. He has been entirely manipulated by Iago. He is the artist behind the fall of Othello. He realizes that Othello can be â€Å"tenderly led by the nose as asses are† and is clever and ruthless enough to take advantage of him and exploit his flaw, jealousy. Iago's exploitative nature is communicated to the audience when he is talking to Roderigo about how he dislikes the â€Å"Moor† and says, â€Å"I follow him to serve my turn upon him. † This statement reveals Iago's feelings towards Othello, as well as an insight into the way he thinks and his priorities in life. This suggests that Iago's motive is just to climb to the top of society without regard or respect for anyone else's emotions. An example of this is when Iago is telling Roderigo how he feels about certain types of employees, the types that â€Å"line their coats†. He states that these people have â€Å"soul† and believes â€Å"such a one I do profess myself. † This shows the audience Iago's selfish and power hungry temperament. It is interesting how Shakespeare has chosen to put a full stop after the word â€Å"myself†. He has chosen not to use enjambment, which he uses abundantly throughout the text. When listening to someone act out this speech, there would be a pause after this word that would let the audience have time to think about the statement just voiced. Iago's desire for status brings to light the theme of class. Iago feels an extremely strong desire to climb to the highest class and profess himself a success. This could be seen as his primary motive for money and power and ultimately status. However, he also wishes to break the bond between Othello and Desdemona. As well as revealing his character to the audience, these two quotations foreshadow and prime the audience for a tragic ending, one in which Iago will turn upon Othello, a noble and trusting character. Iago's motives are often unclear and we end up speculating that he is jealous, racist or insecure. The presentation of Iago in the penultimate sentence of the first speech, invokes images of pain, destruction, darkness and possibly some of the aforementioned insecurity. He voices a sinister yet almost vulnerable statement to Roderigo when he says â€Å"I will wear my heart upon my sleeve/ For daws to peck at. † This can be interpreted in many ways. One of which is that Iago feels that he has done so much wrong that he is leaving his feelings open for the people around him to â€Å"peck at† with the â€Å"daws† symbolizing the people. This would suggest that Iago does have a heart because he feels punished for how he treats his companions and the net of lies he weaves around them. Moreover, leaving ones heart upon ones sleeve could be seen as an act to open their heart to the world, leaving one vulnerable and defenceless. This metaphorical image of a bird pecking at his heart paints an enduringly dark and depressing picture for the audience. Conversely, we could see this quote as Iago feeling he should be punished. We could also see it as Iago being self destructive and almost psychopathic. The structure chosen here by Shaksespeare suggests that this statement should be read as a sinister one as opposed to a vulnerable one. The writer has chosen to continue this sentence onto the next line. His use of emjambement here suggests that the audience should hear the statement all as one. There is no pause between † sleeve† and â€Å"for daws†¦.. â€Å". In addition, the fact that Iago doesn't care that he is leaving his feelings so vulnerable makes us think that he has no care for his emotions and anyone else's whatsoever. It is also ironic because he is saying he will reveal his feelings, his emotions and his true self, but succeeds in manipulating all of the characters due to his immense power to lie, deceive and erect an impregnable faiade. Shakespeare alludes to themes such as race and class in the last sentence of the first speech that also portray Iago's deceitful character. Iago ends his speech to Roderigo by saying â€Å"I am not what I am. † We have already learned that he is a deceptive and confusing character however this statement means that he could have been putting up a faiade this whole time and none of what he said could be true. As and audience, we feel that Shakespeare has employed this dramatic device to keep us guessing. Moreover, this is interesting because we would usually expect Iago to reveal this about his character in a soliloquy rather than in conversation with another character. Shakespeare has most definitely chosen this short punchy sentence to end his speech for a reason. This is the main thought that the audience are left with. This is a key function in helping the audience to suspend their disbelief. Watching the play you would be confused trying to understand his character and then seconds later the dialogue resumes between Iago and Roderigo. There is also another interesting interpratation of this statement that relates to class and race. At the time, white people considered themselves the higher power compared to black people. White people considered themselves clean and proper and considered black people dirty and improper. However, this is ironic because Othello, the black character or â€Å"Moor† is the noble, kind and strong character. And Iago is portrayed as being evil, deceptive and crazy. We could see this as an attempt by Shakespeare to attack the ideals and beliefs of the time by turning them over and challenging them. The end of this passage gives the audience the idea that good will not prevail over evil resulting in a devastating end to the play. The second passage, Iago's soliloquy, starts with him telling the audience that whenever he can, he will take advantage of any â€Å"fool† for his profit. This again communicates his exploitative nature and alludes to the idea that eventually Othello will become his â€Å"purse†. He then goes on to say â€Å"I hate the Moor,†. Once again Shakespeare has used structure to emphasize a certain point. This being that Iago despises Othello. He does this by starting the sentence with â€Å"I† and has placed a comma after † moor† which sections off this declaration causing a pause after hearing which leaves time for this statement to be absorbed by the audience. Iago is portrayed as being sexist in the beginning of his soliloquy when he says that by Othello sleeping with his wife he has â€Å"done his office†. Referring to his wife as â€Å"his office† now would be a potentially life threatening comment, however at the time it was thought that men were above women and a women's place was at home, cooking, cleaning and holding together the home-life. He is referring to Emilia as if he can do with her as he wants. This suggests she is his sex object and reaffirms him as the duplicitous man that he is. Iago's character is portrayed as evil and scheming in the last sentence of his soliloquy. After Iago has been plotting he has conjured up a plan to frame Othello by exploiting his trusting nature. This is communicated when he says â€Å"Hell and night/ Must bring this monstrous birth to the world's light. † This conjures up images of death, pain and evil beasts. This is a very powerful statement and has the most significance in terms of alluding to the tragic ending of Othello. It is also interesting because Shakespeare has chosen to write this in verse. This adds a poetic and almost beautiful aura to what Iago is saying. It is intriguing yet horrific at the same time. He has also chosen to use figurative speech that makes the audience think more about what is being said. This is typical of Shakespeare's fondness for dramatic irony. He may have been alluding to the overall themes of the play here in this one line. Specifically, the contrasting notions of heaven vs hell, light vs dark and good vs evil. In conclusion, we can see that both speeches play key roles in preparing the audience for the tragedy of Othello. The first speech reveals much about Iago's character including his manipulative and exploitative nature. It is revealed to the audience that Iago is complex and intelligent but that these traits are ominous ones. Iago is portrayed in such a negative way that it leaves the audience thinking that there could only be a negative ending to the play. The assumption is that evil will prevail. However at this point in the play we have not met Othello. We are not sure whether what Imago is saying about Othello is true which means that the audience are ill prepared at this point for the tragedy of Othello. In Iago's soliloquy he begins to engineer his plan to defeat Othello. At this point we have met Othello and we are aware of his trusting nature that becomes his downfall at the end of the play. Shakespeare uses a combination of structural techniques, language and themes to help the audience prepare for the tragedy that follows. I believe that Shakespeare was attempting an attack on the ideals and beliefs in society at the time and was trying to tell the worlds that fairytales do not usually come true and that humans will ultimately be the makers of their own downfall.

The Globalisation Issue In The Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay Essays

The Globalisation Issue In The Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay Essays The Globalisation Issue In The Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay Essay The Globalisation Issue In The Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay Essay Globalization is a cardinal issueA for theA cordial reception industry. Identify and review up to three impacts ofA globalization on the cordial reception industry and discuss schemes that hotel companies may implement to turn to globalization. AbstractA Globalisation is going increasing of import these old ages in international hotel industry. In this essay, a literature reappraisal has been conducted to place 3 impacts ofA globalization on the cordial reception industry. When hotels flag their belongingss in a new state, they must place their merchandises and services in order to accommodate the civilization traditions of that state. Thinking planetary and moving local ( glocal ) is critical scheme for no affair large or little hotel companies. Besides the glocal scheme, distinction scheme is besides utile for hotel companies to go competitory in the planetary environment. Hall ( 1997 ) indicates that globalisation has become a cardinal construct in concern, economic and political activities since 1990s. The cordial reception industry is frequently regarded as one of the most global in the service industry ( Litteljohn, 1997 ) . Nowadays, more and more people are going around the universe, when they are far from their place they need a topographic point to remain, a bed to kip, nutrient to eat. They might stop up taking hotels. This is where the cordial reception industry comes into drama ( Frink, 2009 ) ; this is why hotels are everyplace. Due to the fast addition of touristry and concern activities around the Earth, in every corner of the universe, there must be hotels such as Hilton, Marriot, and Westin. Go amp ; Pine ( 1995 ) province that the cordial reception industry is a subsector of the travel and touristry sector, and one of the most quickly spread outing Fieldss in the service sector. This article is traveling to place and reexamine 3 impa cts of globalization on the cordial reception industry. And discuss schemes that hotel companies may implement including standardization and localization of function schemes and distinction schemes when they enter into the globalization. Frink ( 2009 ) described globalization as the procedure of companies developing their concern or operations overseas. It has several impacts on the cordial reception industry. First of wholly, it forces hotel companies to take best locations all over the universe to spread out their belongingss. Location is indispensable to a hotel, no affair whose mark market is concern travellers or tourers. Johnson A ; Vanetti ( 2005 ) province that the size and nature of the topographic point in which the hotel is located are seen to be the most of import factor for large or little ironss. The celebrated touristry finishs and CBD of a metropolis are the best pick for hotel groups to develop their belongingss. However, when those countries are non in their ain state, or when they want to flag their hotels every bit many as possible, hotels have to globalize. There is a good illustration of how a good location can profit a hotel s concern. Hyatt group has one hotel in Shanghai which name is Grand Hyatt Shanghai, it is located in the Centre of the Lujiazui concern territory, and occupies 53rd to 87th floors of the Jin Mao Tower edifice ( Hyatt, 2010 ) . Jin Mao Tower edifice is a concern edifice as celebrated in Shanghai as the World Trade Center in New York. There are many 500 luck companies in this edifice, when those large and affluent companies have employees or clients come from other universe to see Shanghai, Hyatt is the first hotel on their list. This is portion of the ground why Grand Hyatt ever has the highest RevPAR ( gross per available room ) in Shanghai. Reversely, incorrect location will take hotels to failure. For illustration, The Ritz-Carlton Lake Las Vegas closed onA May 2, 2010 after several old ages struggle, this was the first clip for the reputable Ritz-Carlton trade name and this negative record will hold necessarily impact on this trade name in the hereafter. Ritz-Carlton Lake Las Vegas locates in the suburb of Las Vegas, though it was a epicurean and high-end resort hotel, people come to Vegas for a much more exciting and lively holiday ( Hernandez, 2010 ) . The following impact of globalization is economic sciences, which is besides really of import. There is merely so much of the market portion a hotel company can acquire by remaining local or in their ain state. Frink ( 2009 ) states that globalization enables hotel companies to spread out their concern to other states to derive extra market portion. The more belongingss the hotel group has, the more clients it might hold, therefore the more chances for them to derive more net income. Frink besides states that many hotel companies go planetary chiefly because they desire to accomplish a larger client base. Ohmae ( 1989 ) claimed that large companies must go more planetary if they want to vie, they must see the whole universe as one individual borderless market place ( as cited in Vignali, 2001 ) . Most large hotel group such as Intercontinental, Marriott, Hilton and Hyatt are lasting even when economic crises come because they have globalized. Harmonizing to Hotels Giants Survey 200 8, Intercontinental has hotel in 100 states, which is the most, followed by Starwood, which has constitutions in 95 states and Accor has hotels in 90 states. A great figure of hotel companies are forced to globalise in order to stay competitory, otherwise they can non last, and they should ever spread out their concern to do advancement and maintain gait with the competition. By and large talking, the more topographic points of concern that a hotel company has, the better opportunities for the hotel company to be successful in the cordial reception industry ( Frink, 2009 ) . In footings of cost economic systems, measure purchasing can ever cut down buying cost, that s why many international hotel companies set up their cardinal procurance section to subscribe planetary contracts with providers and do the centralized purchasingA for their several constitutions in the interim maintain the same criterion. The 3rd impact of globalization on the cordial reception industry is civilization. The universe is a planetary small town and difference topographic points have different civilization and traditions. Frink ( 2009 ) mentioned that globalization makes hotel companies adapt different civilization and change their attacks when they enter a new state. Expansion to a state with wholly different civilization is a large hazard to most hotel companies, they must see the different civilizations in the finish image of the topographic points, what cuisine the locals or indigens have and what types of nutrients are out due to the faith or jurisprudence when they are seeking to sell their merchandises. Frink ( 2009 ) besides mentioned that hotel companies must understand the difference in currency and the difference in linguistic communication. For illustration, Hilton Tokyo Bay Hotel located in Japan can non hold excessively many English talking front office receptionists, who can non talk Nippon ese, in order to function local Nipponese invitees. There must be person there who knows how to talk Nipponese to efficaciously function the invitees. And they will hold local employees who understand the local civilization and talk the native linguistic communication to function the native invitees. Frink indicated that globalization forces companies adapt different cultural positions ; if a company refuses to accommodate it might lose. Globalisation besides brings civilization diverseness to the industry, which is ever a positive thing and it besides brings hotel companies more understanding of the positions of different civilizations, which help them to make better. Besides those above three impacts, Frink ( 2009 ) besides mentioned other impacts, for illustration, globalization in cordial reception industry has created more occupation chances help with the growing and stableness of the cordial reception industry. When hotel companies entered into globalization, it really becomes endurance of the fittest. Strong concerns will last and go stronger and the weak 1s will be eliminated and fade off. Frink ( 2009 ) states that globalization requires seting and rating of assorted factors. Harvey ( 2007 ) indicated that hotel companies need to maintain the same criterion in each and every constitution because client trueness will depend on whether a hotel can present the trade name promise systematically throughout their hotel experience. In the average clip, the companies need to believe appropriate ways to show their merchandises to different civilizations, which means they truly must utilize and equilibrate the standardization and localization of function schemes. Rutihinda A ; Elimimian ( 2002 ) indicated that standardization requires operations with resolute stability, supplying same things in the same manner everyplace, while localization of function demands seting of merchandises and pattern s in every individual topographic point. It is non so easy to equilibrate the two precisely opposite schemes. However, both of them are every bit of import. In another word, hotel companies must believe planetary and act local . This construct is going progressively critical for hotel companies no affair large or little, to stay competitory. The term glocalisation used by Salazar ( 2005 ) absolutely expresses the construct think planetary and act local , it helps one to take clasp of the many interconnectednesss between the standardization and the localization of function schemes. Peters and Frehse ( 2005 ) stated that already in the 1970s international hotel companies tried to utilize standardization scheme in their services with an appropriate consistence in footings of quality. Whitla et Al. ( 2007 ) province that standardization makes a hotel trade name recognizable and that is what people are looking for, the consistence and the predictability particularly for concern travellers. However, Whitla et Al. ( 2007 ) besides mentioned that hotel ironss need to equilibrate the proviso of a standardised degree of service and comfortss with clients gustatory sensations or penchants in some grade of local version. Frink ( 2009 ) found hotel companies, when they decide to globalize into foreign states, are faced with many barriers to get the better of, such as linguistic communication, support, competition, and cultural differences Sometimes it is really difficult for a hotel company to come in a new state, particularly when the new county has a wholly different ci vilization and tradition. For illustration, intoxicant is forbidden in muslin societies, Indians do nt eat beef, gaming is illegal in many states. Whitla et Al. ( 2007 ) believe that version is required for many grounds including consumer involvements, Torahs, civilization and traditions. For case, hotels in western states frequently rely on adjustment grosss to do net income, whereas hotels in Asia count on nutrient charges. Asiatic hotels hence need to concentrate more on offer more and larger restaurant mercantile establishments, aiming local diners every bit good as nightlong foreign invitees. Rutihinda A ; Elimimian ( 2002 ) mentioned that many hotel companies who localised their selling schemes and merchandises have been successful. However, some others fail due to their applications of incorrect execution schemes and insensitiveness to the consumer civilization of the state. Czinkota A ; Ronnenken ( 1995 ) emphasized that glocalisation in the selling programs is indispens able and critical to accommodate local gustatory sensations, to run into particular demands and consumers non-identical demands ( as cited in Vignali, 2001 ) . Besides, some clients, particularly tourers are looking for local spirit in hotels ( Armstrong et al. , 1997 ) , which means hotels design could reflect the finish image ( Hawkins, 2007 ) . In term of this, the celebrated 7-star hotel Burj Al Arab has got great success, the hotel were designed in the form of a billowing Arabian dhow canvas, it represents a important testimonial to the state s navigation heritage ( Jumeirah, neodymium ) . It has already become the icon of Dubai, the finish image of Dubai, and the hotel itself became the tourer attractive force of the state. Besides hotel design, Heide et Al. ( 2007 ) believes hotel atmosphere is besides really of import portion of the glocalisation , because atmosphere is a cardinal success factor that is straight linked to fiscal effects. It is deserving adverting that Human resource direction ( HRM ) besides needs to utilize glocalisation scheme in the cordial reception industry. HRM sections are the spinal column of every organisation ; they must larn and understand the employee rights and Torahs for non merely their place companies, but for all of their constitutions around the universe. Different states have different employee rights and labour Torahs. Frink ( 2009 ) states the cordial reception industry Human resource directors must be really careful of these employee rights and labour Torahs or it could be those hotels 1000000s in mulcts and punishments. Nowadays many hotels are localised in term of staffing. Local staff members know their ain civilization really good and they can talk local linguistic communication to function local invitees while holding multilingual staff is better to function the invitees from all over the universe. Harvey ( 2007 ) mentioned it is ever good to hold staff from different cou nties which brings diverseness, but they have different beliefs, background, imposts and traditions. How to believe planetary and act local when covering civilization differences is a challenge that HR directors need to suppress. Sometimes hotels glocalisation schemes are still non plenty, particularly for the intent to pull leisure invitees. Ghemawat ( 1991 ) stated that when tourers travel to another topographic point to pass a holiday, they want to see difference and seek something new. Otherwise they lose merriment when they stay at the hotel. Nowadays the planetary competitions between hotels are acquiring fiercer ; some hotel companies are utilizing distinction schemes in order to win. Rutihinda A ; Elimimian ( 2002 ) stated that distinction scheme is based on the ability to supply invitees with distinguishable merchandises or services. Ghemawat ( 1991 ) stated that these particular and typical properties make them unique in the eyes of their invitees ( as cited in Rutihinda A ; Elimimian, 2002 ) . For illustration, there is a hotel in America called Dog Bark Park Inn , the hotel looks like a elephantine beagle. Guests slumber and have breakfast in the organic structure of the beagle. For another illustration, in German there is a hotel which name is Alcatraz Hotel , it used to be a prison, the proprietor kept the original spirit of the edifice, so every guestroom is like a cell, and the lavatory is merely following to the bed. Guests besides get striped pyjama alternatively of a normal bath robe which makes them look like captives, the lone difference between this hotel and a existent prison is seem like invitees can go forth it whenever they want. The more particular one is a hotel made of existent ice, it sounds incredible but it is true, it s called the Ice Hotel in Canada, this hotel has become world- celebrated for winter experience. The architecture of the hotel including graphics and furniture carved form ice blocks. Most invitees believe this hotel is astonishing and beautiful and the experience is particular and gratifying. These successful narratives have told us, the hotelkeepers must non merely believe and move glocal , but besides think difference . In decision, Globalisation has become a cardinal issueA for theA cordial reception industry. It is the procedure of hotel companies spread outing their concern or operations to foreign markets, and taking their concern to new highs. This literature reappraisal addressed three impacts ofA globalization on the cordial reception industry including location, economic sciences and civilization. Globalisation enables hotel companies to take locations all over the universe to spread out their concern. If concerns expand, the cordial reception industry will spread out with it. Globalisation helps hotel companies to derive other market portion and therefore derive more net income and cut down buying cost through measure purchasing or centralized buying. Besides globalization besides causes hotel companies to see different civilizations and traditions when they enter a new state and convey civilization diverseness into the industry which is ever a positive thing. When hotel enter into globali zation, they should utilize standardization and localization of function schemes which means they should maintain the same criterion in footings of service and quality while changing their service and merchandise to accommodate to the different civilization and traditions. The construct Thinking planetary and moving local ( or intelligent glocal ) is indispensable for hotel companies development. Besides, utilizing distinction schemes is besides a good manner to go competitory. Differentiation scheme is about supplying invitees with distinguishable merchandises or services. These alone and typical properties make them attractive in the eyes of their invitees.